Men seem slightly more affected than women.Īpproximately 40-50% of RD are associated with high myopia, 30-40% with aphakia or pseudoaphakia, 10-20% with direct and/or severe ocular trauma. Family predisposition is described in Jensen disease (retinochoroiditis juxtapapillaris). Predisposition for RD is found in people of Jewish ethnicity, while low incidence is documented in African-Americans. Bilateral RD is more common in aphakic eyes (in which the crystalline lens is absent) or pseudoaphakic eyes (in which the crystalline lens has been surgically removed and replaced by artificial lens). The risk for bilateral RRD ranges from 6–34% depending on the population studied and the associated risk factors. Acute RD occurs most commonly in the age group between 40 and 70 years.Īpproximately 15% of individuals with RD in one eye develop detachment in the fellow eye. RRD is the most common cause of RD, with 0.01% annual risk and a lifetime risk (up to 60 years of age) of 0.6%. RD has an estimated incidence of 1:5,500-12,500 individuals per year. The term “recurrent RD” is used to describe repeated occurrence of the primary detachment, occurrence of new or missed retinal breaks, or overgrowth of the retina by membranes and scar tissue. ERD and TRD are referred to as “secondary” or “non-rhegmatogenous” detachments. Primary RD refers to i) rhegmatogenous detachment that occurs in a previously uninvolved phakic eye (an eye in which the crystalline lens is present) with no complicating factors such as underlying diabetic retinopathy or penetrating trauma or ii) detachment that occurs after cataract surgery.

Combined retinal detachments with features of ERD and TRD may be associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy or proliferative vitreoretinopathy and trauma. In TRD, retinal breaks may develop secondarily. Posterior vitreous detachments occur earlier in life in highly myopic eyes. Vitreoretinal traction increases with age and frequently causes posterior vitreous detachments (detected in approximately two thirds of persons older than 70 years). This condition is most commonly associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, sickle cell disease, advanced retinopathy of prematurity. Tractional retinal detachment (TRD) occurs when vitreoretinal adhesions or membranes mechanically pull the retina away from the RPE, without a retinal break (Fig. The excessive accumulation of subretinal serous fluid in ERD may shift with changes in body position. This type of RD is often associated with choroidal tumors and posterior inflammatory diseases. Exudative retinal detachment (ERD), also known as serous RD, occurs when subretinal fluid accumulates without a retinal break. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is caused by a break in the retina (including round holes and tears), through which vitreous fluid passes from the vitreous cavity into the subretinal space, thus separating the sensory retina from the RPE. There are three categories of RD termed rhegmatogenous, exudative and tractional.

Retinal detachment (RD) occurs when the neurosensory retina separates from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and fluid accumulates within this potential space. Theories to explain the etiology of RD were proposed by Von Graefe, Girard-Teulon, Iwanoff, de Wecker at the end of the 19th century. The first clinical description was provided by Beer in 1817, while Coccius was first to detect breaks in detached retina ophthalmoscopically (1851). The entity retinal detachment (RD) was recognized early in 18th century by Saint-Yves who described the gross pathologic examination of detached retina.

Retina detachment surgery success rate